Workplace Discrimination Against the Obese

Workplace discrimination against individuals who are overweight and obese is on the rise, despite the fact that more and more Americans fall into that category. The discrimination ranges from excluding obese employees from certain activities, paying them lower salaries and implementing policies that have the effect of excluding obese people. When combined with the stigma of being overweight and the social acceptability of openly airing biases against people who are fat, obese individuals often feel they have little recourse but to grin and bear it. But they don't have to do that.

Facts About Obesity in the United States
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) labels American society as "obesogenic," which means our lifestyles promote unhealthy eating and sedentary living. It is not surprising then that more than one-third of the population is considered obese. The CDC estimates that the direct and indirect cost of obesity (much of it in health care spending) is about $147 billion each year. Surprisingly, the more each of us weighs, the greater the amount of open bias is expressed against people who are overweight in all domains of life, in media, in schools and certainly in the workplace. Some research suggests that because being thin is becoming increasingly rarer, discrimination against the overweight is more accepted.
Obesity Discrimination in the Workplace

Discrimination against people who are obese is as common as that against minorities. Moreover being overweight has been proven to affect one's salary. Routinely, an obese person's experience includes being excluded from certain activities, passed over for promotion and being the butt of unrestrained joking. But part of the problem many obese people face is that it is difficult to prove that a worker is being discriminated against because of his weight. Moreover, overweight people, especially the women among them, pay a huge price in terms of their salary. They earn considerably less money than normal-weight individuals according to research, making discrimination against them clear-cut.

Wellness in the Workplace

Another factor making the plight of obese workers tough is that employers are stepping up efforts to reduce the cost of health care and increasing the incentives for employees to kick bad habits and get healthier. There is a business case to wellness programs in the workplace. The toll of lost days, restrictions on activities employees can perform and doctor visits add up. The cumulative effect, however, is that those workers who are significantly overweight are both demoralized and demonized and in a position of not being able to say so.

Workplace Policy Discrimination

Some companies have implemented policies whereby overweight employees have to pay more for their health insurance, because of the increased risk of greater spending obesity-related health care necessitates. The bottom line is that even well-meaning policy may cross the line and be discriminating against people who are overweight and intrude into their private lives.

Recourse

People who feel they've been discriminated against or made to work in a hostile environment because of their weight have a tough job ahead of them in proving their weight was at issue, as well as combating the mind-set that keeps weight bias firmly in place.

Some have attempted to gain protection under the Americans with Disabilities Act, claiming obesity was a disability. Few have succeeded with this argument because for many there was no proven physiological, no-fault cause of obesity. That means there aren't any federal laws that specifically prohibit this kind of discrimination.

In most workplaces, however, equal employment opportunity (EEO) laws prohibit specific types of employment discrimination, including on the basis of race, sex, age, gender, nationality and disability status. Only a handful of states, including California and Michigan, specifically include weight as a category of workplace discrimination. What really has to change is the culture and its response to obesity. Advocates for obese people say the best way to enjoy a fruitful career is to look for companies that do well with all types of diversity and work in a way to challenge the stereotypes and biases against them.

http://www.ehow.com/about_6532865_workplace-discrimination-against-obese.html
MORE ARTICLES

Too big for Google? Rejected job applicant claims search engine discriminates against fat people

OVERWEIGHT PASSENGERS. SHOULD THEY BE CHARGED MORE?

TOO FAT TO FLY? DEALING WITH PASSENGERS OF SIZE (ARTICLE)

Discussing overweight passengers is like discussing politics or religion around the Thanksgiving dinner table with family: generally not a good idea.

When I saw the picture above, though, I felt compelled to address the issue. The picture you see was allegedly taken by an American Airlines flight attendant. Since bins are open and people are standing up, it appears it was taken during boarding.

I think we can all agree that allowing a passenger to protrude halfway into the aisle is clearly a safety violation. I also think it is safe to assume that the passenger was re-seated before takeoff to a row with an open middle seat.

Most U.S. airlines, including United and American, will not charge passengers of size (POS) for an extra seat as long as there are other open seats on the plane. I support this policy because I see no reason to castigate a POS further, especially when obesity is not always wholly dependent on lifestyle choice.

The problem arises when a flight is full and an airline is left with the choice of letting a POS literally occupy 1.5-2 Economy seats by allowing the arm rest to stay up and squeezing the other passengers in the row or having to VDB or even IDB a passenger to accommodate the POS. In such cases, I think an airline must give the POS the choice of stepping off the flight and waiting for the next one with an extra seat or paying for an extra ticket, perhaps at a lower cost.

Some posit that airline seats are too small and POS have no other alternatives. I disagree. United offers Economy Plus and First Class on most mainline domestic flights and Economy Plus, Business, and First Class on most international flights. Furthermore, it is not like airlines can easily (or even not so easily) install couches or rotund lazy boy recliners in their planes. To mandate that airlines compromise and dismantle a well-planned seating arrangements to accommodate a tiny sliver of the flying public is no more reasonable than arguing that an airline must make half-size seats available to compact people and only charge half-price for them.

Another analogy might be passenger baggage. Are bigger passengers allowed a higher weight allowance on checked bag? Of course not. They pay the same price as others and must abide by the same weight limits. Why should it be any different with onboard seating? 

In some cases, like the picture above, any airplane seat (short of Singapore's A380 suites) would likely be too small for the passenger. In such cases, I believe a carrier should reserve the right to refuse passage on the grounds of passenger safety--both for the POS and others.

Am I missing something? How do you propose airlines deal with POS? Unfortunately, it is a growing problem in America. No pun intended.

SHOULD OVERWEIGHT AIRPLANE PASSENGERS BE CHARGED MORE? DEBATE
SHOULD OBESE PASSENGERS HAVE TO PAY MORE? DEBATE

POST YOUR OPINION ON EUTHANASIA HERE

A DRAMATIC EDUCATION SITUATION

Without cross-party consensus, Spanish students will never bridge the gap that separates them from the best performers EL PAÍS 4 ABR 2014 

Time and again, the PISA report has warned that the educational level of Spanish students is far from what it should be. If earlier testing yielded mediocre results in mathematics, science and reading proficiency, the latest evaluation shows that results are even worse when it comes to practical skills.

Faced with questions that measure one’s ability to deal with everyday things such as programming an air conditioner or purchasing a combined public transit ticket, Spanish 15-year-olds scored 23 points below the average for OECD countries and 30 points below France, Italy and Germany. This is a dramatic situation about which the relevant officials do not seem fully aware.

Too much time has been lost —for too many years— on sterile ideological fights regarding the role of religion at school or the values it should teach, instead of seeking the necessary consensus to produce the changes that education in this country really needs. No reform has been able to redress the situation, and it remains to be seen whether the latest one will bring about any substantial changes.

What is needed is a “radical change in teaching methodology,” said the state secretary of education, to move beyond “old-fashioned” models based solely on memorizing content. What the PISA report suggests is that students must be given the necessary skills to apply the knowledge that they gain; the important thing is not how much you know, but what you are able to do with what you know, and being capable of learning what you still do not know.

But with a dispirited, decimated teaching community that has few options for career reinvention, it will be difficult to overcome the inertia that has led to the current results. Education once required – and still does – the kind of cross-party consensus that will pave the way for a reliable diagnosis of our system’s shortcomings and required changes.

In the first place, we urgently need much more of an educational focus on developing personal abilities and creative skills. Secondly, we need measures to reinforce the teachers’ work through programs aimed at improving their own teaching abilities and helping student stragglers meet class goals. Without extraordinary measures, it will be difficult to bridge the gap separating us from the best performers.


Find expressions in the text that mean the following:

• acortar distancias:
• una y otra vez/ reiteradamente:
• cuando se trata de...:
• parecer plenamente conscientes: 
• queda por ver:
• consenso entre partidos:
• allanar el camino, preparar el terreno:
• deficiencias:
• alumnos rezagados:
• lograr los objetivos:

Now find synonyms of the following:

• produce, give:
• buy:
• beneath, under:
• in relation to, concerning:
• rather than:
• important:
• exclusively:
• disillusioned, disheartened<.
• destroyed:
• win, surmount:
• present, most recent:
• able to be trusted:
• failing, defect, deficiency:
• have as a goal:

http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/04/03/inenglish/1396542037_823168.html

Spanish students lagging behind in problem solving, PISA report shows

Low scores do not reflect 15-year-olds’ theoretical skills in math, reading and science

Spanish 15-year-old students come out 23 points below average among developed economies in ordinary problem-solving skills, according to the latest Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) report, a triennial study conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

The performance by the 2,709 Spanish students who participated in the program – which evaluated 85,000 youngsters from 44 countries – shows that they are less well prepared to tackle the problems of everyday life than their scores in math, reading and science would suggest.

Their problem-solving skills were 20 points below those expected based on their theoretical knowledge. In other words, they are unable to use what they learned.

“The world economy does not focus on what one knows, but on what one can do with what one knows,” noted the OECD’s education chief, Andreas Schleicher, who traveled to Spain to present the test results.

“What’s needed is a radical change in the teaching methodology,” added Montserrat Gomendio, state secretary for education, during the presentation of the report. Gomendio said current methods were “old-fashioned” and based only on memorizing content. Responsibility for this change, she said, falls mostly on the shoulders of teachers.

The PISA report shows that 28 percent of Spanish 15-year-olds failed to reach a minimum baseline level of proficiency in problem solving, compared with a 21-percent OECD average. Spain obtained a mean score of 477 points (500 is the OECD average), ranking between 27th and 31st out of 44. The list leaders are Singapore and South Korea with 562 and 561 points, respectively.

The children of very educated parents perform worse than expected, the study finds

Spain is dragged back by several factors. First there is the fact that the difference between problem solving by kids from low and high socioeconomic backgrounds is not nearly as marked as in other countries: 42.7 points compared with an average of 68.8. In other words, the children of highly educated parents perform worse than expected, bringing the average down. State secretary Gomendio said the “rigidity” of the education system establishes “an equity which is taken to mean that everyone must be uniformly mediocre.”

The high rate of students who repeat a grade (33.2 percent compared with the OECD average of 17 percent) also brings the scores down. Without them, Spanish students would obtain a score of 512 points, in line with the OECD average.

The PISA report notes that Spanish students seem unfamiliar with computer use, based on their digital reading scores. Yet 96.6 percent of Spanish teenagers have a computer at home, and 75.3 percent use computers or tablets in their houses, five points above the OECD average.

http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/04/01/inenglish/1396364218_557397.html
READ BOTH TEXTS AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
According to the previous articles, what are the main reasons for the bad results? What needs to be done?
THEN POST YOUR OPINION

THE STORY OF LENA BAKER

                   

As a child Baker and her family worked for a farmer named J. A. Cox chopping cotton. They were not paid well and even working in a laundry, the family was poor.

At the age of 20, Baker and a black friend found they could make money by "entertaining gentlemen." This came to attention of the Randolph County sheriff as their clientelle were white and interracial relationships were illegal in Georgia.

The two were arrested and spent several months in a workhouse. On release she was ostracized by the black community, leading her to become an alcoholic.

In 1941, Baker was hired by Knight to care for him after a fall broke his leg. In the town of Cuthbert, Georgia, Knight was viewed as brutal and abusive. He was a failed farmer who ran a gristmill. He always had a pistol strapped to his chest.

A relationship developed between the two. Knight would provide Baker with alcohol in return for sex, and the whole town knew of it. Knight was persuaded by his oldest son to move to Tallahassee, Florida in an effort to break up the pair, but Baker came with him. Knight's oldest son then gave Baker an ultimatum to leave. She did, but Knight followed her back to Cuthbert.

On the night of April 30, 1944 Lena Baker went to the house of J.A. Cox, who was now the town coroner and told him that she had shot Knight. Cox told Baker to go to the sheriff, while he would go to gristmill where Baker said Knight's body was. Baker did not go to the sheriff, but instead went home. She was picked up by the sheriff later that night, but was cooperative. He gave her two days to sleep off the effects of the alcohol in her system.


Baker then told her version of events. Knight had come to her house drunk and asked her to come to the mill. She did not want to, but knew better than to refuse the drunk man. She tried stalling him by asking for money to go buy some whiskey.

He gave her some money and she went to the tavern but found it closed. She waited there for a while hoping that Knight would leave her house. She returned but found he was still there. She was forced to accompany him to the mill, but escaped and hid in some bushes. She bought some whiskey and went to sleep at the nearby convict camp. On waking the next morning she decided to go to the mill and she was sure this was the last place that Knight would go.

However this was exactly where Knight was. He held her prisoner for several hours, even though several hours of his absence. He returned and told Baker he would kill her before she would ever leave again. A struggle ensued, with Baker being the only living witness the details of what happened are sketchy at best but Baker managed to get hold of Knight's pistol, which went off, hitting him in the head, instantly killing him.

Although Knight was not liked in the town, a white man had been killed by a black woman, something that was intolerable to the segregationist townsfolk.

Trial and execution 

Lena Baker was charged with capital murder and stood trial on August 14, 1944, presided over by Judge William "Two Gun" Worrill, who kept a pair of pistols on his judicial bench in plain view. The all-white male jury convicted her by the end of the afternoon. Her court-appointed counsel, W.L. Ferguson, filed an appeal but then dropped Baker as a client. Governor Ellis Arnall granted Lena a 60-day reprieve so that the Board of Pardons and Parole could review the case, but clemency was denied in January 1945. Baker was transferred to Reidsville State Prison on February 23, 1945.

On entering the execution chamber, Baker calmly sat in the electric chair, called Old Sparky, and said "What I done, I did in self-defense, or I would have been killed myself. Where I was I could not overcome it. God has forgiven me. I have nothing against anyone. I picked cotton for Mr. Pritchett, and he has been good to me. I am ready to go. I am one in the number. I am ready to meet my God. I have a very strong conscience." Initially she was buried in an unmarked grave behind Mount Vernon Baptist Church. Since her pardoning a simple head stone has been placed above her grave.

In 2001, members of Baker's family petitioned to have a pardon granted by the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles, seeing the original verdict as racist. This was granted in 2005, with the Parole Board granting her a full and unconditional pardon, suggesting a verdict of manslaughter, which would have carried a 15-year sentence.

ELECTROCUTION

For execution by the electric chair, the person is usually shaved and strapped to a chair with belts that cross his chest, groin, legs, and arms. A metal skullcap-shaped electrode is attached to the scalp and forehead over a sponge moistened with saline. The sponge must not be too wet or the saline short-circuits the electric current, and not too dry, as it would then have a very high resistance. An additional electrode is moistened with conductive jelly (Electro-Creme) and attached to a portion of the prisoner's leg that has been shaved to reduce resistance to electricity. The prisoner is then blindfolded. After the execution team has withdrawn to the observation room, the warden signals the executioner, who pulls a handle to connect the power supply. A jolt of between 500 and 2000 volts, which lasts for about 30 seconds, is given. The current surges and is then turned off, at which time the body is seen to relax. The doctors wait a few seconds for the body to cool down and then check to see if the inmate's heart is still beating. If it is, another jolt is applied. This process continues until the prisoner is dead. The prisoner's hands often grip the chair and there may be violent movement of the limbs which can result in dislocation or fractures. The tissues swell. Defecation occurs. Steam or smoke rises and there is a smell of burning

U.S. Supreme Court Justice William Brennan once offered the following description of an execution by electric chair:

...the prisoner's eyeballs sometimes pop out and rest on [his] cheeks. The prisoner often defecates, urinates, and vomits blood and drool. The body turns bright red as its temperature rises, and the prisoner's flesh swells and his skin stretches to the point of breaking. Sometimes the prisoner catches fire....Witnesses hear a loud and sustained sound like bacon frying, and the sickly sweet smell of burning flesh permeates the chamber.

Phaedophile priest Francis Paul Cullen jailed for 15 years

Paedophile priest Francis Paul Cullen jailed for 15 years
Priest who abused seven children, including altar boys, over 34-year period had pleaded guilty to 21 charges.




"Predatory" Francis Paul Cullen, 85, pleaded guilty to 21 charges of indecent attack and other sexual offences last month after being extradited to the UK last year following 22 years on the run in Tenerife. The offences were committed between 1957 and 1991 on children aged between six and 14.

Four altar boys were abused while Cullen was practising in Mackworth, Derbyshire, between the 1950s and 1970s. In the 1980s, he abused two girls after he moved to work in Buxton, Derbyshire, and then went on to abuse another altar boy in the early 1990s after he moved to Nottinghamshire. The clergyman fled to Tenerife in 1991 while facing charges of sexual assault brought by Nottinghamshire police.

Prosecutor Sarah Knight told the court that Cullen had been a "well-liked and respected" clergyman whom families trusted and children "idolised". They were unaware of the "predatory paedophile" hiding out behind the mask, Knight told the court.

Dublin-born Cullen was traced to Tenerife last year with the help of the Catholic Church’s safeguarding board. He was extradited back to the UK on a European arrest authorization containing a series of sexual abuse charges.

The clergyman was due to deny the charges at Derby crown court last month but changed his plea to guilty on what would have been the first day of his trial.

He admitted 15 counts of indecent assault, five of indecency with a child and one of attempted sodomy.


Synonyms

Extradited: deport, exile
Deny: contradict, dispute
Assault: aggression, invasion  
Fled: escape, run away   
Plea: supplication
Altar boy: a boy serving as an acolyte, who helps the priest
Facing: surface, revetment
Unaware: unknowing, unmindful
Trial: preliminary, probationary
Idolised: admired, adored, venerated
Attempted: tried, struggled
Traced: follow, pursuit, run down
Safeguarding: protection, preservation
Offences: crimes, faults
Extradited: deported, expelled
Prosecutor: investigator -lawyer

Summary

Priest Francis Paul Cullen. who was born in Berlin, has been accused of abusing children. He was living in Tenerife and was extradited back to the UK where he practised all sexuals harassments. Also people are surprised because they trust their children to him and they couldn't believe that this men was a phaedophile. Finally he has accepted 15 charges and at the present he will be in prison for 21 years. 

Video

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1dbf9v_ex-priest-admits-child-sex-charges-xvid_news

 
by Ruth Alquinga, Alina Achig and Alexandra Pons

WORLD TRADE CENTER

SUMARY:
"9/11" were four terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda, in which about 3000 people died. The terrorists hijacked four planes, two of which crashed into the upper floors of the North and South towers of the World Trade Center. There were very large fires that made the towers collapse. The terrorists had targeted the towers because they symbolize the economic power of the United States. The President of the United States insisted that the Taliban had to hand over terrorists immediately and close training camps or face an attack from the United States. When they refused, "Operation Enduring Freedom" was established a few days later.

ARTICLE:
“9/11” is shorthand for four coordinated terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda, an
Islamist extremist group, that occurred on the morning of September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,977 people.

On the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 terrorists from the Islamist extremist group, al-Qaeda, hijacked four commercial airplanes, deliberately crashing two of the planes into the upper floors of the North and South towers of the World Trade Center complex and a third plane into the Pentagon in Arlington, Va. The Twin Towers ultimately collapsed because of the damage sustained from the impacts and the resulting fires. After learning about the other attacks, passengers on the fourth hijacked plane, Flight 93, fought back, and the plane was crashed into an empty field in western Pennsylvania about 20 minutes by air from Washington, DC.

The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people from 93 nations. 2,753 people were killed in New York, 184 people were killed at the Pentagon and 40 people were killed on Flight 93.

The hijacked Flight 11 was crashed into floors 93 to 99 of the North Tower (1 WTC) at 8:46 a.m. The hijacked Flight 175 struck floors 77 to 85 of the South Tower (2 WTC) 17 minutes later at 9:03 a.m. When the towers were struck, between 16,400 and 18,000 people were in the WTC complex. Of those, the vast majority evacuated safely. As they rushed out, first responders rushed in trying to save those still trapped or injured.

The fires from the impacts were intensified by the planes’ burning jet fuel. They weakened the steel support trusses, which attached each of the floors to the buildings’ exterior walls. Along with the initial damage to the buildings’ structural columns, this ultimately caused both towers to collapse. The five other buildings in the WTC complex were also destroyed because of damage sustained when the Twin Towers fell.

The collapse of the buildings left the site devastated, with ruins towering roughly 17 stories and spread beyond the 16-acre site. Thousands of volunteers came to Ground Zero to help with the rescue, recovery and clean-up efforts, and on May 30, 2002, the last of piece of WTC steel was ceremonially removed.

The terrorists did not have capacity to destroy the United States militarily, so they set their sights on symbolic targets instead. The Twin Towers, as the centerpieces of the World Trade Center, symbolized globalization and America’s economic power and prosperity. The Pentagon, as the headquarters for the U.S. Department of Defense, serves as a symbol of American military power. It is thought that Flight 93 was headed to the Capitol building, the center of American legislative government. Al-Qaeda hoped that, by attacking these symbols of American power, they would promote widespread fear throughout the country and severely weaken the United States’ standing in the world community, ultimately supporting their political and religious goals in the Middle East and Muslim World.

Al-Qaeda was based in Afghanistan. They operated training camps there, and openly lived in the country with the support of the Taliban, an Islamist group that ruled the country.

On September 20, 2001, in a speech to a joint session of Congress, President Bush asserted: “Any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by the United States as a hostile regime.” No distinction was made between a harboring state and the terrorists it was harboring. The U.S. government insisted that the Taliban immediately hand over the terrorists and close the training camps or face an attack from the United States. When they refused, "Operation Enduring Freedom" was launched on October 7, 2001, less than a month after the attacks of 9/11.

SYNONYMS:
terrorist attacks: rebel attack
terrorists: bomber
hijacked: skyjack
fires: burning
killed: slay
destroyed: ruin
regarded: look

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Zdoc9DyWcI



By: Paula Real and Andrea Quintana

Domestic Violence - Rihanna

Article:

Rihanna and Chris Brown are proof that domestic violence is everyone’s business

A few weeks after the 2009 Grammys, photos released of R&B soul singer Rihanna’s face after her then-boyfriend Chris Brown had assaulted her were explanation enough as to why she had not appeared at the Grammys just a few weeks earlier. She had been brutally assaulted by Brown.

In a November 2009 interview with Diane Sawyer, Rihanna told Sawyer that it takes “eight or nine” incidents of domestic violence before one leaves an abusive relationship. Moreover, she told Sawyer that “When I realized that my selfish decision for love could result into some young girl getting killed, I could not be easy with that part. I couldn’t be responsible … If Chris never hit me again, who’s to say that their boyfriend won’t … kill these girls”. Rihanna told young girls, “”Don’t react off of love. F love.”

Conventional wisdom was that the relationship was over — Rihanna would become a role model to women around the world, and through her actions, would demonstrate that no man is worth it.

In an August 2012 interview with Oprah Winfrey, Rihanna told Winfrey that she had lost her “best friend” (Brown) in one moment. She said that “It was a weird, confusing space to be in, because as angry as I was … I just felt he made that mistake because he needed help. [And I wondered], who’s going to help him?” Rihanna continued, telling Winfrey that “No one’s going to say, ‘He needs help.’ Everybody’s going to say, ‘He’s a monster. Without looking at the source.’”

Three months later, in her seventh studio album, “Unapologetic,” Rihanna and Brown recorded a song together entitled “Nobody’s Business.”

In the Jan. 31 issue of Rolling Stone magazine, after officially reuniting with Brown, Rihanna told contributing editor Josh Eells, “I decided it was more important for me to be happy. I wasn’t going to let anybody’s opinion get in the way of that. Even if it’s a mistake, it’s my mistake. After being tormented for so many years, being angry and dark, I’d rather just live my truth and take the backlash. I can handle it.”

Then, last week, to the utter shock and dismay of men and women all over the world, Rihanna, blowing kisses at Brown, accompanied him to a probation hearing where prosecutors argued that he had failed to complete his 180 days of community labor, which he had agreed to after pleading guilty to felonious assault in 2009.

As a society, we must ask ourselves what is it that happens in the rearing of children in virtually every culture and at every socio-economic level that raises girls and boys who are willing to stay in, or go back to physically and/or verbally abusive relationships.

But, what about the case of women of means who can leave and choose to stay? What about cases like Rihanna where one leaves an abusive relationship and then chooses to go back to it knowing full well that this self-bondage puts one at constant risk of physical and/or verbal abuse?

Bent-Goodley asserts that what we see with Rihanna and Brown and in numerous incidents of domestic violence is not just one issue, but a combination of many factors. Stigma, not wanting to be associated with domestic violence, fear of losing social stature, cultural beliefs that physical abuse is a normal part of being in a relationship, and romanticizing what your relationship used to be versus what it actually is and whatever is actually going on internally with the individual who has been victimized that leads them to stay (or go back to an abuser), are just some of the many issues we must look at as a nation in order to halt this crime.

Chris, who reignited his romance with Rihanna last year, also revealed details about their relationship, describing it as 'childlike'.

He was sentenced to a five-year probation and six months of community service by a court after admitting to the assault.

-Assault: a violent attack, either physical or verbal

-Selfish: relating to or characterized by self-interest

-Wisdom: the ability or result of an ability to think and act utilizing knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense, and insight

-Role model: a person regarded by others, esp younger people, as a good example to follow

-Weird: suggestive of or relating to the supernatural

-Source: the point or place from which something originates

-Blacklash: a reaction or recoil between interacting worn or badly fitting parts in a mechanism

-Handle: the part of a utensil, drawer, etc, designed to be held in order to move, use, or pick up the object

-Utter: to give audible expression to (something)

-Dismay: to fill with depression or discouragement

-Prosecutors: a person who institutes or conducts legal proceedings, esp in a criminal court

-Pleading guilty: to declare oneself to be (guilty or not guilty) in answer to the charge

-Felonious: involving, or constituting a felony

-Rearing: to care for and educate (children) until maturity; bring up; raise

-Willing: cheerfully or eagerly compliant

-Stigma: a distinguishing mark of social disgrace

Summary: In 2009, after the Grammys, had been known that Rihanna had been another victim of domestic violence, and her boyfriend (Chris Brown) was the guilty. Rihanna said that she was more worried about Brown that about herself because she didn't know if the man needed help. Some month later Chris recognized that he really had assaulted his girlfriend in the car. Finally, he was sentenced to a five-year probation and six months of community service by a court after admitting to the assault.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSl3lhxwhDo

by Paula Garcia and Sara Olives

India's tea firms urged to act on slave trafficking after girls freed

http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/video/2014/mar/01/tetley-tea-maids-real-price-cup-tea-video

Slave traders took girls as young as 11 from an Indian plantation that supplies tea to Tetley and sold them on to a life of abuse as domestic servants, an investigation has revealed.

The girls were taken from the Nahorani estate in Assam. Workers on the estate are paid 94 rupees (91p) a day – barely half the 169 rupee legal minimum wage for Assam. Anti-slavery campaigners say the low wages help traffickers to lure girls away with the promise of a better life elsewhere.

An Observer and Guardian investigation set out to track the traffickers from Assam to the national capital, Delhi. At least 21 people were rescued in a series of raids.

One young woman, 19-year-old Somila, was found with minutes to spare after she called her father – who was travelling with the documentary team – to say the traffickers were threatening to sell her into prostitution in Bombay.
Somila, who was bought by her final owners for £250, described how she had suffered serious abuse and spoke angrily about the traffickers who lured her from Nahorani. "They should realise that they cannot separate daughters from their parents and make us fools. They speak lies and make us fools. They cheat us," she said.

Tea companies promised action after the Observer first exposed the slave trade from Assam's tea estates last year, but little has changed. Kailash Satyarthi, founder of the Bachpan Bachao Andolan child rescue movement, which helped to free the girls, said companies had to take responsibility. "The owners of these international tea estates don't care for these people, they don't pay them minimum wages. Forget about the decent wages, they don't pay the survival wages," he said. "The reality is abuse, the reality is a kind of sexual exploitation, the reality is endless slavery," he said.

Nahorani is one of a group of 24 estates in Assam owned by Amalgamated Plantations. It is one of the world's richest companies, worth £60bn.

Tetley is the UK's most popular brand, and is ranked second in the US and the rest of the world. The company says 45m cups of Tetley are drunk in 70 countries worldwide every day. There is no suggestion that Tetley was aware of any slavery or trafficking. In its mission statement, Tetley insists: "We don't just do as we like. We do what's right for our tea drinkers, our team and our world. We believe our success must not be at the expense of the people or the environment that make that success possible."

The Ethical Tea Partnership's executive director, Sarah Roberts, said: "ETP and its members oppose all forms of abuse, discrimination, exploitation and manipulation of children and adults."

The managing director of Amalgamated Plantations, said the company had been unaware of the trafficking. "APPL is against any form of abuse on children and we will make every effort with external and government agencies who specialise in addressing child trafficking," he said.

The World Bank Group said human trafficking was a "tragic crime" and those who engaged in it should be brought to justice. It said it was troubled by the allegations and was investigating.


VOCABULARY
Slave traders: Traficantes de esclavos

Domestic servants: Servicio domestico

Barely: apenas

Campaigners: activistas

Lure: atraer

Rescue: Rescatar

Threat: amenaza

Fool: engañar, liar

Salve trade: comercio de esclavos

Wages: salarios

Brand: marca

Aware: darse cuenta

Allegation: acusación


SUMMARY
Poverty pay on tea estates in Assam fuels a modern slave trade ensnaring thousands of young girls. A Guardian/Observer investigation follows the slave route from an estate owned by a consortium, including the owners of the best-selling Tetley brand, through to the homes of Delhi's booming middle classes, exposing the reality of the 21st-century slave trade
By Daniel Cuevas and Joan Cases.

Somali pirates sentenced to 439 years for hijacking Spanish fishing boat

Madrid court claims government-linked groups paid $3.3m ransom to free Alakrana and its 36 crew members








A Spanish court has sentenced two Somalis to 439 years in jail each for the 2009 hijacking of a Spanish fishing boat in the Indian Ocean, while claiming government-linked bodies paid a ransom to secure the release of the vessel and its crew.


But Spain's foreign minister, Trinidad Jiménez, quickly contradicted the court and denied the government had paid to secure the release of the Alakrana.


The tuna fishing boat with a 36-member crew was seized off Somalia and held for 47 days. An alleged $3.3m ransom was paid. Spain says it does not pay ransom, but in the Alakrana case, the government said on the day of the release it did what it had to do. It did not elaborate.


Spanish commandos captured two men as they sailed away from the boat during the hijacking drama and they were brought to Madrid for trial. The National Court identified them as Cabdiweli Cabdullahi and Raageggesey Hassan Aji.


Jiménez told reporters that "the government did not pay ransom in the Alakrana case" and insisted this is what officials had said all along.


However, the 50-page court verdict says the trial "had shown beyond a shadow of a doubt that it was not the ship's owner but public organisations linked to the government which paid for the release of the crew and the ship".






VIDEO:

SUMMARY: Two of the somalian pirates that hijacked the spanish boat "Alakrana" were sentenced to 439 years in jail. Nevertheless Spanish deny it, is known that they paid a 3,3 milion ransom to secure the release of Alakrana's crew.



SYNONYMS


court: tribunal


Hijack: seize


ransom: redemption money


release: liberation


captured: seized


trial: prosecution, judicial contest


verdict: sentence


SPANISH-ENGLISH


to sentence somebody to X time in jail: condenar a alguien a X años en prisión


paid ransom to free somebody: pagar el rescate para liberar a laguien



Jordi Cardona and Carlos Sintes

KIDNAPPING OF THREE WOMEN IN CLEVELAND

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XRzsNbskT (Click on the link to watch the video)

Three women who disappeared more than a decade ago have been found alive after they were rescued from a makeshift dungeon in a suburban American home.

Amanda Berry, 26, Gina DeJesus, 23, and Michelle Knight, 32, spent years chained up in a blacked-out room. They escaped when a neighbour helped break down the door after hearing Miss Berry scream for help when their captor left the house.

The women were aged 14, 16 and 21 when they were kidnapped separately in Cleveland, Ohio. Three brothers were arrested last night as the escape sparked celebrations in the city where the victims had been presumed dead.

Miss Berry, who was 16 when she went missing in April 2003, held an emotional reunion with her older sister Beth Serrano.

Miss Berry introduced her sister to her daughter, who was born during the 10-year ordeal and is now thought to be aged about six. Beth's husband Ted Serrano said his wife was overjoyed about her sister's return: "She said [Amanda]'s okay, she's got a daughter. She said she's okay, she looks good."

In an emergency call to police after fleeing the house, Amanda said: "Help me, I'm Amanda Berry … I need police … I've been kidnapped, I've been missing for 10 years. I'm here, I'm free now."

She added: "I need them [the police] now, before he gets back . ..  I'm Amanda Berry. I've been in the news for the past 10 years."

During the call, she gave the name of her alleged abductor, said he was "out of the house" and repeatedly urged police to come quickly.

The disappearances of Miss Berry and Miss DeJesus captured the attention of the city for the past decade and their relatives have held vigils to keep the story alive in the local press.

Miss Berry had not been seen or heard from since calling her sister to say she was on her way home from her job at Burger King.

Miss DeJesus was 14 when she disappeared on her way home from school about a year later. Miss Knight, went missing in 2002 when she was 21. As well as Miss Berry's daughter, a younger child was also found in the house.

Miss Berry's mother, Louwana Miller, died six years ago. Friends said the search for her daughter had taken a toll on her health and that she died of "a broken heart".

Miss Berry's aunt Gale Mitchell said: "I can't wait to talk to her, I can't wait to hold her, to see her." She added: "You never give up. You just pray and pray and pray."

Castro is accused of kidnapping Amanda Berry, Gina DeJesus and Michelle Knight and holding them captive along with a six-year-old girl he fathered with Ms Berry. He also was indicted on charges including 139 counts of rape, 177 counts of kidnapping and multiple counts of gross sexual imposition and felonious assault.

Castro's lawyers have said he would plead not guilty to any indictment.

When he was in the prison, he hanged and he died.

Vocabulary
Rescue: bring someone out of danger (rescatar)
Makeshift: a usually crude and temporary expedient (improvisado)
Dungeon: A close prison cell (calabozo)
Spend: To pass time (gastar el tiempo)
Chain up: a series of related or connected facts, events (encadenar)
To kidnap: to take away (someone) by force usually in order to keep the person as a prisoner and demand money for returning the person (secuestrar)
Presume: To take (something) for granted (suponer)
Miss: Not able to be trace and not know to be dead (desaparecer)
To overjoy: Excessively happy
To flee: run or move quickly; rush; speed
Abductor: To remove (a person) by force (secuestro)
To keep alive: to continue or cause to continue (mantener)
Toll: Loss or damage incurred through an accident, disaster, kidnapper... (pérdida)
Hold: To have or keep with or within the hands, arms, etc. (agarrar)
Give up: To renounce (rendirse)
Pray: To implore (pregar, rogar)
Captive: A person or animal that is confined or restrained (prisionero)
Charge: An accusation (cargo)
Assault: A violent attack, either physical or verbal (asalto)
Lawyer: Amember of the legal profession (abogado)

SUMMARYThree women, who were kidnapped in Cleveland for ten years in a suburban home, now are free. Amanda Berry, now 26, Gina de Jesus, now 23, and Michelle Knight, now 33, tried to escape from their captor when he left the house. Berry screamed for help and she was heard by a neighbour who tried to help them. Berry had a baby with the kidnapper. Ten years later they escaped and the kidnapper was accused of kidnapping 3 women, indicted on charges 139 counts of rape and multiple counts of gross sexual imposition and felonius assault. When he was sentenced to be in the prison, he committed suicide hanging himself.

Posted by: Laura Peñalver and Veronica de Vera      2nd batx. C

Human trafficking

(Thursday, June 23rd, 2005)

The Justice Department today announced the sentencing of the ringleader in the Department’s largest ever human trafficking prosecution. Kil Soo Lee, the former owner of an American Samoa garment factory was sentenced to 40 years in prison for his role in holding over 200 victims in forced servitude.

“Human trafficking is a moral evil that is nothing less than modern-day slavery,” said Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales. “Today’s sentencing concludes the largest human trafficking case ever prosecuted by the Department of Justice and is another example of our commitment to protect the civil rights of trafficking victims. The Department of Justice will continue to pursue and prosecute all those who attempt to profit from human suffering.”

Lee, the owner of the Daewoosa garment factory, was convicted on February 21, 2003 of numerous federal criminal violations, including involuntary servitude, extortion and money laundering. Lee was charged in 2001, in the U.S. District Court in Hawaii, with illegally confining and using as forced labor over 200 Vietnamese and Chinese garment workers.

The workers were recruited from China and from state-owned labor export companies in Vietnam. They paid fees of approximately $5,000 to $8,000 to gain employment at the Daewoosa factory and risked retaliation and punishment at home if deported back to their native lands. Lee and his henchmen preyed on this vulnerability, and subjected the laborers to poor conditions and minimal pay. In March of 1999, after months of mistreatment, the workers complained about their plight and attempted to obtain food from local residents. Lee and his henchmen retaliated, using arrests, deportations, food deprivation and brutal physical beatings to force workers to operate the Daewoosa factory. In one episode, a woman was beaten so badly that she lost an eye. This abuse continued through November of 2000.

Kil Soo Lee was the third and last individual convicted in this case. In 2002, two of Kil Soo Lee’s co-conspirators, a manager and a garment worker, pleaded guilty to trafficking charges and were sentenced to 70 months and 51 months, respectively, in January 2004.

“Motivated by greed and with no regard for human dignity, these traffickers exploited more than 200 Vietnamese and Chinese workers,” said Bradley J. Schlozman, Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division. “The Justice Department is firmly committed to ensuring that those who traffic in human lives are aggressively investigated, swiftly prosecuted and firmly punished. Today’s sentencing sends a clear message to those who would attempt to profit at the expense of another’s freedom.”

This case was prosecuted by attorneys from the Criminal Section of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division and was investigated by the Honolulu regional office of the FBI. The victim witness coordinator in the U.S. Attorney’s Office also assisted with the case.

(source: Department of Justice of Washington D.C.)

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DObzMVNq-HE

Vocabulary

ringleader: "cabecilla"
slavery: owning slaves
garment: clothing
laundering: "colada, lavado"
fee: "tarifa" "pago"
to prey on: (a person) victimize
plight: bad situation
to convict: "condenar"
to punish: penalty for offence
prosecute: "procesar"
witness: "testigo"

Summary



On June, 2005 was announced Kil Soo Lee's sentence: 40 years in prison. Kil Soo Lee was the boss of a garment factory called Daewoosa. This factory is located in American Samoa, a territory in the Pacific Ocean that belongs to United States. Kil Soo Lee received an important order from J.C Penny (a chain of stores really important in America) and this order was supposed to be complete in only two months. As a consequence, he had lots of workers from Vietnam, China and Samoa working in poor conditions: if the workers complained, they were punished with lack of food, pshysical abuse, detainment or deportation.

Although he had already been investigated in 1991, it wasn't until the plant was ordered by a Samoan court to be taken over by a receiver in 2001 that the FBI arrested Lee for involuntary servitude and forced labor. He was escorted to the District of Hawaii. His sentence on October, 2002 included 480 months in prison, over $ 1,500,000 in restituation payments and $1,400 in court fines.


Nowadays, twelve of those workers are now living in Washington State. The sentence was bittersweet for them because a Microsoft Corp. employee helped many garment workers move to the continental United States and have better lives.


David Enseñat, Cinthia Vargas and Marina Orfila